Instead of raising the price directly, the country can do so indirectly by imposing an export tax on the product--an export tariff.

通常情况下，处于垄断地位的国家并不会直接抬高价格，它可以对这种商品征收出口税间接提价。

youdao

Depending on where the product is placed into a location hierarchy, it has a set of different tax-related attributes.

根据产品在位置层次结构中的位置不同，产品有不同的与税收相关的属性。

youdao

A more efficient tax would be a tax on producers of food, based on the difference between the cost of the ingredients before processing and the price for the finished product.

更有效的税收方式应是以食品成分在加工前的成本与食物成品价格之差为税基对食品生产商课税。

youdao

But one of the things that we rarely see in government documents is an actual case study that gives us the details of the Laffer curve for a specific tax on a specific product.

FORBES: Laffer Curve Spotted in the Wild in Eire

But the actions of the handmade cigar industry are exposing what appears to be an outrageous tax increase on a specialized product.

FORBES: Up In Smoke

In a working paper published earlier this year, its researchers focused on shake-ups in labour and product markets, as well as tax reforms like reducing the share of direct taxes (on income) in the total tax take.

ECONOMIST: Free exchange